Questões de EFAF Geografia - Hidrografia

Cientistas americanos anunciaram que o degelo no Oceano Ártico é o maior já registrado desde que o monitoramento da região por satélite começou, há mais de 30 anos. Imagens produzidas por satélites mostram que a cobertura de gelo no verão tem ficado 13% menor que o normal a cada década.

(Veja, 28.08 2012. Adaptado)

 

É possível responsabilizar a ação humana como uma das causas para o degelo apresentado na notícia, como, por exemplo,

Um passeio turístico de barco, para conhecer e identificar as características geográficas e biológicas relacionadas à influência humana na formação da paisagem no seu entorno, leva em média, de duas horas e 45 minutos.

 

Esse tempo, em minutos, corresponde a

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

Choose the alternative in which the preposition is used correctly:

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

According to the following segment from the first extract: “Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February on a year-on-year basis

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

Acoording to the first extract, it is correct to say that:

Com base no texto acima responda a questão:

 

No Estado do Amazonas ocorre o encontro das águas entre o rio Negro, de água negra, e o rio Solimões, de água barrenta. As águas dos dois rios correm lado a lado sem se misturar ao longo de 10 km.

Três fatores principais explicam a ocorrência deste fenômeno: as diferenças entre as densidades das águas, de suas temperaturas e das velocidades de suas correntezas: a velocidade da correnteza do rio Negro é de aproximadamente 2 km/h, a uma temperatura de 28°C, enquanto que a velocidade da correnteza do rio Solimões varia de 4 km/h a 6 km/h, sendo sua temperatura de 22°C.

O Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Brasil (Iphan) declarou o encontro dos rios como patrimônio cultural.

Com base no texto acima responda as questões