Questões de EFAF Ciências - Água

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Cruise ship crash causes more than $18M in damage to pristine Indonesian reef, experts say

Published March 14, 2017.

 

    The damage caused by a British-owned cruise
ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine
Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18
million, according to academics and environmental

[5] groups working in the region.

    Researchers for Conservation International
Indonesia (CID, Papua State University and the
Regional Technical Implementing Unit (UPTD)
found that the grounding of the 295-foot Caledonian

[10] Sky cruise shp — which weighs 4,200 tons and
carried 102 passengers — caused massive damage to
several endemic reefs that are unique to Raja Ampat,
a remote and idyllic island chain west of Indonesia's
Papua province.

[15]    “The types of reefs that were damaged by the
ship are Genus Porites, Acropora, Poicilopora,
Tubastrea, Montipora, Stylopora, Favia and Pavrites. It
will take decades to restore the reefs,” Ricardo
Tapilatu, who headed the research, told the Jakarta

[20] Post. Tapilatu added that the damage area stretched
for more than 145,000-square-miles.

    The Caledonian Sky, owned by British
company Noble Caledonia, was finishing a bird-
watching trip on Waigeo Island on March 4 when 1t

[25] veered slightly off course and slammed into the reef.
An investigation into the incident found that
the cruise ship allegedly entered the area without
consulting local guides and that ship's crew only
relied on GPS navigation without considering the

[30] tide.

    “The skipper forced the ship to enter the area,
which was not open to cruise ships,” CII spokesman,
Albert Nebore, said.

Noble Caledonia called the accident

[35] an “unfortunate” incident and added that the company
is “firmly committed to protection of the
environment” and fully backed an investigation, but
made no mention of compensation.

    The Caledonian Sky has since been refloated

[40] and an inspection revealed that "the hull was
undamaged and remained intact,” the company said.

    The ship itself “did not take on water, nor was
any pollution reported as a result of the grounding,”
Noble Caledonia added.

[45]    Indonesia”s Environment and  Forestry
Ministry has deployed its staff to identify the
damaged coral reefs and collect evidence that they
will use to demand compensation from the British
company.

[50]    Ministry spokesman Djati Witjaksono said,
“We will discuss with experts the amount of
compensation the company must pay [to Indonesia].”

    Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the
damage to the reef, the accident has also put a major

[55] strain on the local economy, which relies heavily on
snorkeling and scuba-diving tourism.

    “Coral reefs are the main attraction for many
tourists in the area. It is counterproductive for our
tourism prospects,” Laura Resti, from Raja Ampat's

[60] homestay association, told the BBC. “We have tried
to conserve those coral reefs for a long time, and just
within few hours they were gonc”. Resti added: “I am
so sad and feel ashamed to take tourists there.”

(Adapted from: www.foxnews.com)

In the extract from the first paragraph: “The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18 million (...)”, the word in bold means

A teoria de Dixon é uma das hipóteses que tenta explicar o transporte de água da raiz até as folhas de árvores com mais de 30 metros de altura, como a castanheira-do-pará.

 

Assinale a alternativa que contém aspectos nos quais se baseia essa teoria.

A qualidade da água para consumo humano é alvo de preocupação constante por parte dos governos e da sociedade em geral. Um dos parâmetros monitorados para avaliar essa qualidade é o teor de cloreto que é determinado por titulação com uma solução padrão de AgNO₃. De acordo com esse método, mede-se o volume da solução de nitrato de prata necessário para reagir com todo cloreto presente na amostra em análise. A equação da reação envolvida é:

 

Cℓ(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgCℓ(s) NO₃^-(aq)

 

Baseado nessas informações e considerando que, na determinação do teor de Cℓ^– em uma amostra de 50 mL de água, foi gasto 1 mL de uma solução 0,05 mol/L de AgNO₃, conclui-se que o teor de Cℓ^– nessa água é:

A imagem abaixo representa o ciclo da água. Marque a alternativa que corresponde aos fenômenos indicados na imagem:

 

A Organização Mundial da Saúde define saneamento como: “...o controle de todos os fatores no ambiente físico do homem que exercem ou podem exercer um efeito nocivo no seu desenvolvimento físico, na saúde e sobrevivência.”

DIAS, Sonia. Água, Meio Ambiente e Vida. São Paulo: Global Editora, 2004.

 

O saneamento ajuda a prevenir o surgimento e a propagação de doenças provocadas principalmente pela